As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
Which relationships is particularly strong in Shenzhen
Overall, including supporting evidence of a great dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, we and additionally come across supporting research getting sector exchange, once the migrants are more inclined to marry a city lover (i.age., to form hukou intermarriage) as his or her degree expands. The results strongly recommend a top likelihood of hukou locality-knowledge exchange to have non-college-experienced migrants for the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but a similar likelihood of hukou locality-degree exchange throughout these several towns and cities getting college or university-educated migrants, hence supporting Hypothesis 3 the straight down likelihood of hukou locality-degree replace inside the Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, holds for low-college-educated migrants although not having school-educated migrants.
Considering Design 5 of Desk dos and you can Shape 2 , local spouses’ degree isn’t associated with the their journal-probability of hukou area intermarriage, and that relationships cannot differ between them cities
Up to now, we have considered only intermarriage anywhere between natives and you may migrants, instead of determining ranging from two hukou items https://kissbrides.com/fi/slovenialaiset-morsiamet/. Inside our attempt, neighbors was mainly urban hukou holders whereas migrants generally keep rural hukou in towns. Especially, during the Shanghai, about 85% of residents but only about 20% away from migrants features metropolitan hukou. In the Shenzhen, most of the residents hold metropolitan hukou, but no more than thirty five% from migrants is metropolitan hukou owners. The latest health-related change from hukou sorts of anywhere between locals and you will migrants suggests an odds of hukou kind of exchange within this inter-hukou-locality ine if or not hukou sorts of influences our efficiency.
Earliest, we take a look at brand new delivery out-of hukou sort of certainly intermarriages from hukou locality. Once the found from inside the Profile A1, more 1 / 2 of the partners in which two spouses disagree in the hukou locality setting homogamy regarding hukou method of. It is in line with earlier conclusions that all Chinese e hukou particular (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). Good gender asymmetric trend out of hukou interong couples of a great migrant husband and you can a neighborhood wife, simply eleven% is outlying-husband-urban-spouse people whereas 86% is actually metropolitan-husband-urban-spouse partners. In contrast, one of partners where partner was an excellent Shanghai regional resident therefore the wife is a great migrant, 45% is metropolitan-husband-rural-wife partners. To put it differently, when female that have Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they have a tendency so you’re able to get married metropolitan migrants, while men that have Shanghai hukou just who wed migrant feminine commonly wed rural migrants. Within the Shenzhen, which gender development is actually smaller obvious: 26% out of migrant-husband-local-partner couples has actually an urban wife and you may a rural husband, whereas several% regarding local-husband-migrant-spouse lovers cover a metropolitan partner and you can a rural wife. This type of findings advise that inside Shanghai matrimony business, both hukou area and you can hukou types of build intermarriage activities, in Shenzhen hukou type of appears quicker essential. It further supports our findings regarding the hukou hindrance getting healthier in Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>